نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم زمین، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The Bibi Kand hand-carved cave complex in Shahin Dezh is an outstanding example of intelligent human interaction with rigid and resistant geological substrates. This research, employing an interdisciplinary approach encompassing structural geology, geomorphology, and rock engineering, has analyzed the stability and evolutionary patterns of this site. The findings indicate that this complex was excavated in the reef limestones of the Miocene Qom Formation, with a gently folded structure. Geomechanical evaluation of the rock mass based on the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) index determined a score of 87, equivalent to Class 1, indicating a very good rock mass, which explains the self-supporting stability of the wide openings and flat ceilings without the need for artificial support; this has been made possible due to the absence of systematic joints at the cave scale. Morphological analysis revealed that ancient architects used honeycomb weathering as starting points and excavation facilitators, and with an architectural and subtractive approach, expanded the interior spaces in vertical levels. The difference in angle between the bedding dip and the slope topography, in addition to creating vertical access walls, has led to the formation of a natural drainage system at the floor of the chambers. From a climatic perspective, the rock's phase lag property and air circulation resulting from the tiered section ensure passive thermal comfort in different seasons. Finally, site pathology showed that the freeze-thaw cycle in the walls of the construction site is the most serious threat to stability. This study introduces Bibi Kand as a geo-site of value and proposes conservation strategies based on hidden nailing and management of upstream runoff to ensure the durability of this ancient engineering work.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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